Static Routing ( Manual configuration by Network Admin )

Static Routing for Small networks and Dynamic routing for large and Data centers.. 

Static Routing is a manual method where network paths are manually configured and fixed by Network Administrators..

Syntax : 

ip route <destination-network> <subnet-mask> <exit-interface>

default route 

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 <exit interface> 

Lab Topology

PC1 ------------------- R1 ---------------------------------R2 -------- PC2
192.168.1.0 /24                  192.168.3.0 /30                   192.168.2.0/24




IP Addressing

DeviceInterfaceIP AddressSubnet Mask
PC1NIC192.168.1.10255.255.255.0
R1G0/0192.168.1.1255.255.255.0
R1G0/1192.168.3.1255.255.255.252
R2G0/0192.168.3.2255.255.255.252
R2G0/1192.168.2.1255.255.255.0
PC2NIC192.168.2.10255.255.255.0

Step 1: Configure PCs

PC1

IP Address: 192.168.1.10
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1

PC2

IP Address: 192.168.2.10
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 192.168.2.1

Step 2: Configure R1

enable
configure terminal

hostname R1

interface g0/0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
exit

interface g0/1
ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.252
no shutdown
exit

Step 3: Configure R2

enable
configure terminal

hostname R2

interface g0/0
ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.252
no shutdown
exit

interface g0/1
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
exit

Step 4: Configure Static Routes

On R1

To reach Network 192.168.2.0

ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2

Meaning:

Destination Network → 192.168.2.0

Mask → 255.255.255.0

Next Hop → 192.168.3.2

On R2

To reach Network 192.168.1.0

ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1

Step 5: Verify Interfaces

show ip interface brief

Expected

Interface    IP Address      Status
G0/0         192.168.1.1         up
G0/1         192.168.3.1         up

Step 6: Verify Routing Table

show ip route

R1 should show

S    192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.2

R2 should show

S    192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1

Step 7: Test Connectivity

From PC1

ping 192.168.2.10

Expected

Reply from 192.168.2.10

From PC2

ping 192.168.1.10

Expected

Reply from 192.168.1.10

Step 8: Troubleshooting Commands

Check interfaces

show ip interface brief

Check routing table

show ip route

Check configured routes

show running-config

Test hop-by-hop connectivity

ping 192.168.3.2

Trace packet path

traceroute 192.168.2.10

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